Stage III Bladder Cancer
Stage III bladder cancer is classified as a 'deep' or 'invasive'
bladder cancer. A variety of factors ultimately influence a patient's decision
to receive treatment of cancer. The potential benefits of receiving
cancer treatment must be carefully balanced with the potential risks of
receiving cancer treatment.
The following is a general overview of the treatment
of Stage III bladder cancer. The development of more effective cancer
treatments requires that new and innovative therapies be evaluated with cancer
patients. Clinical trials are available for most stages of cancer.
Surgery as
Primary Treatment
Radical cystectomy is considered a standard treatment for Stage III bladder
cancer. To learn more about cystectomy, go to Surgery for Bladder Cancer.
Chemotherapy
Prior to Cystectomy
Following a radical cystectomy, local recurrence of cancer is uncommon because
the cancer was removed. The rationale behind neoadjuvant therapy for bladder
cancer is two-fold. First, pre-operative treatment can shrink some bladder
cancers and therefore, may allow more complete surgical removal of the
cancer.
Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy as Primary Treatment
Bladder-preserving therapy is appealing because patients who achieve a complete
response
to treatment can often avoid additional treatment with a radical cystectomy
unless they experience recurrence of their cancer. In addition to avoiding a
cystectomy, early treatment with chemotherapy may also kill bladder cancer
cells that have already spread away from the bladder.
Furthermore, only selected patients with Stage III
bladder cancer will be candidates for bladder-preserving therapy.
Chemotherapy Alone as Primary Treatment
Chemotherapy without radiation therapy may be used for selected patients with
inoperable stage
III cancer, or for patients who cannot tolerate more extensive
treatment.[2]
Radiation Therapy Alone as Primary Treatment
To learn more go to Radiation Therapy for Bladder Cancer.
Questions to Ask Your Physician About the Treatment of Stage III Bladder Cancer
Strategies
to Improve Treatment
The progress that has been made in the treatment of bladder cancer has resulted from improved treatment developed in clinical trials. Adjuvant therapy is a treatment that follows surgical cystectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is still being evaluated in clinical trials to prevent recurrence of bladder cancer. Multiple Drug Resistance Inhibitors: Bladder cancer can be drug resistant at the outset of treatment. Gene Therapy: Currently, there are no gene therapies approved for the treatment of bladder cancer. A few gene therapy studies are being carried out in patients with refractory bladder cancer.